Hola

          

            When I came here to ELS Chicago, I had really hard time to learn English language. My goal was to improve my English especially the grammar and the writing. I did not focus on my speaking because I thought I was good at it. However, when I heard my presentation, I was surprised even though I had a good pronunciation and good fluency but my grammar was not that good. On the other hand, this presentation was one of the best that I have ever had in ELS. Finally, all students should work on their weaknesses to develop their English. The last thing that I want to add is I would like to say THANK you Ms. Becky.

My evaluation about the presentation and English in general

•                   When the presentation is coming, I always prepare myself for it, because I think that presentation is the biggest test for international students for learning the English language. First of all, When I came to the ELS Chicago, my goal was about improving my grammar and pronunciation as much as I could. I was trying to do that and I did my best, because of this  reason, I,m at level 12 right now. I tried to reach my goals as much as I could. However, in the second presentation which was my topic about strangers people. I became a little bit confused. But I got rid of it very fast. I think that I did well in the organization and fluency. On the other hand, there were some simple mistakes that I made in grammar, especially verb tenses. But I,m working on it right now and I,m trying to fix that. I do not blame myself a lot because simply I learn a language that totally different from my native language. It is not easy to learn a language that you just have been practicing it for a short time. That's why I never give up. 

English is wonderful!!

My topic was about body language. The duration of the presentation was too short. That was the reason why I got a law grade. Also. I need to learn some vocabulary  in order to help me while talking and also while writing. In my opinion, my language is getting better and better from studying at ELS. I need to work on my fluency in order to be as perfect as a native speaker. Furthermore, having friends from different countries and different cultures is really helpful to improve the speaking ability.Moreover, my pronunciation should be better, so I need to read books and watch movies. Finally, I should move a lot while giving the presentation because moving could reduce the stress.

Reflect on my second presentation

            Honestly, I am not good in evaluating myself or my presentations. I have been improved in my English by ELS center. In ELS I developed my English's skills such as writing, reading, listening and speaking.  According to my second presentation, my fluency in speaking has been improved by opportunities in classes. To  be honest, the problem that I have is confusion. Sometimes I become confused with choosing suitable words in either writing or speaking. Some words are to pronounce them well. In my opinion, I do not have a problem with linking main points. Grammar is good, but there are some simple mistakes  that I made and I corrected them within seconds. In this place of grammar, I have to prepare my presentation many times ahead of the class to not fall in simple mistakes. There are no long pauses, but there are little small pauses. Finally, I learned many things in ELS Chicago. Now I can say I have been educated well.

The young males lion (cubs)

lions are social animals. They live together in group, called pride. A pride has a lion, related females, and their young. When the cubs are two years old the father showing increased aggression towards them, until they eventually leave their natal pride. Also, the young males can leave their pride on their own terms. After their leave the pride, they join a group of young males lion. They will learn how to hunt and how to fight, and this is a cooperative behavior. Lately, they will find a new pride and fight with the dominant male lion, and kill all cubs, and this is a selfish behavior. In addition, the young lion who wins the fighting will protect the pride while he is the dominant and this consider as altruistic behavior.

Taking care of the family

      Jackals belong to the family Canis which also contains other animals such as domestic dogs, wolves, and foxes. A curious fact about jackals is that they are monogamous. In other words, they just mate with an only partner for their whole lifetime. It is also important to know that jackals' life expectancy is from 10 to 12 years. Furthermore, jackals suckle from their mother until they reach two months old. After that short period of time, the jackals learn how to hunt by themselves within six months. Jackals are well known for those early hunt abilities. Nonetheless, if there is a lack of prey, the jackals are able to survive just by eating grass. In addition, jackals are scavengers. 

        Usually, the jackals' offspring stay with their families to help raise the  younger  jackals and take care of them. This is an important behavior for jackals  due to the fact that the most part of deaths of offspring happens in the first 14 weeks. Therefore, the presence of a guardian helps to increase the survival of offspring. In my opinion, this behavior is a cooperative act because both parts (jackals parents and offspring) are getting benefits. The main benefit for the parents is that  they are receiving help with their babies. On the other hand, the offspring stay with their families and get food and protection from an older jackal. For the new coming generations, the main benefit is that they are going to be protected by both parents and siblings. 

Male Lion Coalitions

Lions are the true social cats in the entire family of cats. Home territory of lions 

size and social group size vary with habitat suitability and prey abundance. 

They generally shows the traits of a selfish behavior. They generally form 

large 

groups in moist grasslands and smaller groups in dry bushes. It has been 

noticed that the Lion cub generally gets separated from their group at the age 

of approximately 2 years. There are both benefits and disadvantages for this 

behavioral trait. The main cost which they have to pay is that, at the age of 2 

they are the easy targets to big predators in the wild jungle and can risk their 

lives to them. However there are certain benefits in this behavioral trait as 

getting separated at this age gives then opportunity to explore and understand 

the wild jungle in a much better way. They learn to hunt and live in the jungle 

independently at a very small age itself. This behavior makes them a better 

predator as they ages. This males enter in the nomadic phase until they are 

large enough to challenge a dominant male at the age of five-six years of age 

for the control of a pride. From the perspective of future generations, this 

behavior had always helped the Lions to evolve with better hunting and 

survival skills in the wild.

Jackals and Babysitting

The Jackals are a kind of wild canines that are mostly found in Africa, Asia and South-eastern Europe. This animals are omnivorous and territorial. 

Jackals are monogamous, which means they have a partner for their whole life time. On the other hand this animals are sexual available from May to August and females go through only 60 days of gestation. Consequently the are continually having 1 to 6 cubs. 
Cubs are blind during their first month, therefore they stay hidden. When they finally go out, they are always in their mother's company and playing with their siblings. However this cubs are always in danger of predators, the most lethal one is the eagle. 
When their reach 6 months they can hunt, and by the age of one year they can become completely independent. Nevertheless, young adults either stay with their parents or go back periodically to help them raise the new offspring. 
This cooperative behavior not only  assures the prevalence of the specie but also gives the jackals the opportunity to hunt in groups, which protects them of predators and also allows them to hunt a larger prey. 

Pray mantises consist over 2400 species. Pray mantises have many different colors, and this depends on the climate and where they are from. They are considered as carnivorous insects, because they eat other insects. In this session, we went deep on pray mantises’ behavior. Also, we have discussed many things on pray mantises’ reaction. The most interesting habit that pray mantis does is the female mantis eats the male mantis starts with the head of the male mantis’s during the mating. And the reason why she does this is because of the protein that the male mantis has. The protein helps the female mantis to lay its eggs. By doing this, a new generation of mantis will still go. This behavior shows how much that pray mantises are cooperative with each other even if the male mantis knows that it will dies, which also shows the strict behavior that they follow.

I am selfish and I want to kill my siblings.

A weird and selfish behavior in certain birds, older nesting birds will often kill their newly hatched younger siblings. When birds are born they try to compete with siblings for resources, such as food by physically killing each other to have more. In a different point of view when I say physically killing each other, as the older chick grows and the newly hatched chick comes out to feast the older chick kills the young one for more food and attention from the mother. When the chicks start coming out of the eggs, the oldest chick peck with the beak into the siblings heads until they die.

Chicks contain this behavior due to their selfishness. This is a selfish behavior where the performer, in this case get all benefits and the recipient loses his/her life. By killing and then eating their siblings, the older chick gets good nutrients to survive and gets fit to the new environment. In addition, the oldest chick could be more spoiled and taken care of by the mother. Consequently, the chick could have more probabilities to survive and grow up to start the role in the bird group and keep with the cycle of bird’s life.

This lack of behavior is not only for young chicks, but also for other animals. A big amount of animals has this selfish behavior to survive and keep the species. This is a fact that represents the behavior of generation to generation of animals in order to maintain the strongest living and maybe a balance in the nature.  

Praying mantis!!!

Praying mantis is known for its front legs that allows it to jump high. The group of these insects is called praying mantids. Praying mantis has the ability to turn its triangular head on a long neck 180 degrees to scan their surroundings. It uses the front legs to snare its prey. However, the female praying mantis eats the male’s head while mating because of the nutrients that found in the male’s head. In my opinion, this act considers as a selfish behavior. The nutrients from the male’s head benefit the female. And that act leads to have more eggs. On the other hand, the mating costs the male’s life in order to pass its genes for the next generation.The male hesitates before the mating because it knows that the female will eat him eventually. Finally, the reason for this act of eating the male’s head is to release the male's sperm, and that provide the female with protein that required for the female to produce more eggs.

Squirrels

•                             Squirrels are the animal of 200 different species. Its size somewhat small, and it belongs to a species of reptiles. Squirrels have pretty strong teeth which make it easy to cut up the trees and eat nuts which are the squirrel favorite food. Squirrels live in different countries such as some countries in Europe, a huge number of squirrels in North America. Moreover, when they prepare before the winter season, squirrels will get food and save them in the trees during the whole winter. Because they cannot go and find food in the winter season. Some people think squirrels eat only nuts. But this is not true because they also eat plants and meat. Squirrels live in burrows trees, and they do not leave their burrows unless if they get stronger. Squirrel works in the morning more than in the night. It goes in the morning trying to find some nuts and food to take. But they try to avoid humans as much as they can because they feel afraid of humans. Squirrels are a little bit selfish. When they grow up and feel as strong and responsibility, they leave their natal burrows to survive on their own. They leave their natal burrows and family members due to their strongest are. And they will not need any of their members anymore.

Cape buffalo

               The African buffalo is called ( Cape buffalo). The African buffalo lives in west Africa, and they live  commonly in subspecies in forests and in savannas. Also, they live in places theater closed to water and they live with each other in order to protect each other from predators' attacks. The African buffalo is not tall as other types of buffalos. It stands only 130_150 cm (51-59 inches). In addition, it has short legs, but it has a big weight, weighing 425-870 kilograms ( 935-1,910 pounds). African buffalos are heavier than bulls and cows, and they have stronger and heavier horns. This animal has a lot of features that help it in many ways. This animal is stronger than OX by four times. Moreover, they can swim deeply and they can cross a big river. These African buffalos are known by their strength. They are the only buffalos that they fight any predator that confronts them. Also, they have the feature of revenge. They will revenge even for an incident that occurred months ago. In addition, one buffalo will sacrifice and fight a group of predators in order to rescue and save other buffalo. African buffalos sacrifice themselves in order to let their species continue living  The sacrificing for other buffalos is considered altruistic behavior.

Praying mantis

           Praying mantis is an animal which feeds on insects, so it attacks any insect moving in front of it. Moreover, it has an ability to move her head full cycle. Praying mantis female changes her skin seven times per her life. On the other hand, the male changes his skin only six times in his life. Additionally, the female gets married approximately twenty two times ,but she eats all of them during the reproductive act. Researchers observed this behavior to know the reasons, benefits, and the costs for both parties and for future generation.

            Praying mantis female eats the male’s head during the mating process for purpose. She does that because of the nutrients found in his head. In fact, I find that this doing is cooperative for many reasons. First of all, it benefits the female because eating the male gives her the nutrition that she needs. In this case, she is more likely to lay more eggs. Likewise, it benefits the male by passing his genes into the next generation. Frankly, this is no benefit to mate with a female which may die because of the hunger before laying her eggs. Consequently, this action benefits the performer and the recipient even though it will cost the male his life. Finally, this behavior will benefit the new generation because this species will keep going and will not extinct.

            To sum it all up, eating the male has many benefits but one cost. It will benefit the female by feeding her and laying a lot of eggs. Moreover, it will pass male’s genes and help the new generation not to extinct. However, it will cost only the male by passing away.  

Zebra..

Zebras are mammals animal, and they are members of the horse family. They live in social groups. Zebras are threatened by many predators such as lions, leopards, hyenas, and wild dogs as well as crocodiles when they cross the rivers. Despite the fact that the nature of zebras are to escape from the predators, they sometimes try to defend for themselves by kicking or biting. The kick can be powerful and can cause serious injury to a predator. Zebras communicate with one another by facial expressions and sounds. They make loud braying or barking sounds and soft snorting sounds.A Zebra is drinking water at the river, it hears another zebra nearby make an alarm call. The zebra immediately runs away. The proximate cause of the zebra running away would be the alarm call. But the ultimate cause for the zebra to run is survival. It is running away because it wants to survive. The alarm call is not the source of danger, but the alarm call alerts the zebra that danger, may be nearby and the lion can threaten the zebra's chance to survive.

Woodpeckers

Woodpeckers are birds known for pecking into trees and typically found on wooded areas. There are some proximate causes about why woodpeckers peck into trees. First of all, woodpeckers use their peak to communicate with other birds instead of signing like a typical bird does.

Another proximate cause of their behavior is woodpeckers peck into trees because of food. When they peck into trees they can reach their favorite food like ants, larvae and other insects that live in trees. An ultimate cause for this behavior is woodpeckers can get food and survive during the winter because many insects hibernate into the trees and they are not easy to find on the surface. Therefore, woodpecker’s beak pecks away until he reaches food.

A curious behavior is that woodpeckers peck into trees in order to establish their territory and get attention from a mate. Also, woodpeckers peck to make holes in order to build a nest and put their eggs inside. This behavior  will let woodpeckers have their family and protect the eggs. The ultimate cause for this behavior is to keep the specie and survive. When woodpeckers peck into the trees they are looking for food, a nest, a mate or trying to communicate. Any of these this reasons allows this bird to keep alive, then get a mate to finally breed.

The Fastest Birds in The World ..

Falcon is considered one of the most dangerous bird in the world. Because of their features that they have. They are known for their brutality and their unbelievable flying abilities. In addition, they have strong wings, which allows them to increase their speed and change their direction extremely quickly when they fly. Their speed can reach 200 mph, which means, they are the fastest animals in the world. Also, they have incredible hunting skills and the features that they have in hunting made them very dangerous. They have amazing eyesight, which make them see everything, even the small animals like mice, frogs, fish and small birds in the air. Moreover, they do not have teeth, but they have strong beaks that can tear their preys into small pieces. Falcons build their nest on high ground like mountains and on the tops of tall trees, and the ultimate cause is their chicks are in the safest place from other animals. Female falcons take care of their chicks and feed them until they get strong enough. After that, chicks will be able to take care of themselves. And this is considered as a proximate cause.

Wolves and Cannibalism

          Wolves are known as lonely animals. However, wolves usually go hunting in groups but they do not settle in a specific place. Mainly, this territorial dispersion is to avoid being close to another herd of wolves. Wolves are social animals, living in groups or herds. Within each group, there will be an internal hierarchy that directs the behavior of its members. Nonetheless, this hierarchy is not determined by the size or strength of a wolf. Actually, the hierarchy is based on the personality and attitude of the members of the herd. Even though wolves are territorial animals and use vocalizations and their urine to mark the territory they defend, they do not fight for a territory unless it is for a food source.  When those fights happen, wolves show their most cruel behavior, cannibalism. It has been shown that the cannibalism is a common behavior for wolves. Nevertheless, during territorial fights is not the only situation in which wolves eat their opponents of other herds. Researchers have found out that wolves eat a member of their own herd when it is sick or just about to die. Taking into account that wolves need a huge amount of food because of the conditions in which they live (particularly the weather), the proximate cause of this cannibalism behavior is to take advantage of every single opportunity to eat. On the other hand, due to the fact that wolves are considered as apex predators, the only limitation the species has to increase its  population is the amount of food they can get. Hence, it can be said that the ultimate cause of this behavior is to preserve the species.

Cheetah Behaviors and Reasons

Cheetah is the marvel of evolution by being the fastest animal in the world. They are basically

in tan yellowish color with black spots all over their bodies. They come in the category of Cats.

A study shows that Cheetah cubs were seen accompanied by adult male and female. Years of

constant study and observation shows that cheetah females live solitary life except for the time

when raising cubs and males live solitary or in coalitions. Mothers usually spend 16-18 months

with their litters till the time they are capable to hunt on their own. After that, the cubs stay

together to master the hunting skills. After 2 years of age, females leave their brothers and

start their solitary life but males remain together for the rest of their lives in groups called

“coalitions”, which may consist of up to 5 individuals. This behavior shows the independent and

their way of life. On their living and hunting behavior, they are mostly found in open and partially

open savannah. Cheetahs trust on tall grasses for camouflage when hunting. They are more active in

the day and hunt mostly during the late morning or early evening. Only half of the chases,

which last from 20 - 60 seconds, are successful. Cheetahs knock their prey to the ground and

kill with a suffocating bite to the neck. They must eat quickly before they lose their kills to other

bigger or more aggressive carnivores.

FAST AS LIGHT !!

     The fastest land animal in the world. Cheetahs are known for their ability to move fast. This feature helps them a lot. First, to hunt other preys who can escape quickly. The other one is to escape when they are in danger. The color of the cheetah has black spots covers the body. The cheetah is considered as a kind of cats. It has muscular legs, a small rounded head set on a long neck, and a flexible spine. Despite the speed of cheetahs, they cannot run at full speed in long distances because they might overheat. Also, the trail is used for the balance of the cheetah.
Cheetahs are mostly found in open savannas. Their behavior is different from other cats. When the cubs first born, they will be taught how to hunt by their mothers for a long time. The ultimate cause of teaching the cubs how to hunt is to make them ready and rely on them selves when they become older.They prefer to hunt in early morning or evening. The proximate cause of the cheetah when it kills the prey and eats quickly and keeps an eye around its prey, is to make its prey for its self only and not to be shared by other animals. The female will be accompanied by the male for a short of time after mating, but usually the female stays alone or with its cubs. Furthermore, when the cubs first born they will be helpless, so while the female hunting, it leaves the cubs hidden. The cubs begin to follow their mother at the age of 6 weeks. 

The Friend of the Humans

•         Being part of a human family can provide dogs a lot of benefits. Dogs are the special pet that makes people love them and adopt them for many reasons, one of the reasons for protection. Dogs can adapt very easily to many different environments. The most common reason that makes people love this pet is that people can use this animal in many situations. For example, playing and having fun with dogs are the most interesting thing for children. In addition, Some people use dogs to protect their houses. Moreover, there are a huge number of people using dogs for hunting. Generally, dogs prefer living in a social environment and they are considered as a part of the family. When they hunt, the dog is trying to detect and capture prey in order to stay, and all dogs are born with an innate predatory aggression, and they have many skills to catch the prey. Furthermore, the proximate cause of the dog is when it shows interest, passion and compassion for humans. This is especially when they care about humans, show their affection, and try to solve human problems as much as they can because they feel as a friend and as a part of the social human group.

The ship of the desert

            The ship of the desert is the camel. Camels are known by their strong bodies. Also, are known by their leathers that beat and bear the harshest area all over the world. The desert's environment is the hottest area all over the world. In addition, it is known in lacking of water and lacking of food. Also, The camel travels all over  deserts, bearing all of these and get along with these concepts. Because of that, camels are known by ships of desert. Although they live in the harshest areas all over the world, they are categorized as domestic animals. One of the camels' features is storing water and fat in their humps. Before cars, trains and transportation vehicles were invented, people used to travel riding camels and loading camels all the luggage.  Nowadays, many people in Saudi Arabia like to have camels in order to take care of them. Why camels save water and fat in their humps? Each animal knows its environment well. Camels know that desert doesn't have a lot of water's lakes. The proximate cause of storing water and fat in humps is the fear of not finding water and food that keep camels alive. Also, the other proximate cause is to keep them alive for many days without eating and drinking water. Camels are considered  mammals. That means camels have same features that other mammals have such as the operation of rumination.  The operation of rumination is an operation that allows camels to swallow food and bring them back again to complete chewing. The ultimate cause of this operation is to eat food as much as camels can and chewing it later at the night.
In conclusion, the ship of the desert means bearing the harshest environment. Also, camels are not called by that name because of their shapes or sizes.

Cannibal Babies

Known for being the predators of the ocean and with more than 465 different species, sharks have always presented interesting and violent behaviors about they way of living. One of them is the cannibalism before birth.

The sand tiger shark, is a very special shark specie. Even though, a female shark can carry around 5 embryos in their womb, only 2 get their way out to life.  When the baby sharks reach certain stage of development, they can not all fit in the mother's uterus. Therefore, a battle for territory starts and naturally, the smallest and weakest lost their space. For years, this behavior only had this proximate cause as an explanation. However, this was not enough for the scientists, who later discovered that this cannibalism was beyond of just not having space for growing up.

Shark females, mate with more than one male during the reproduction season. The mate involves a lot of violence, leaving the future mother with several injuries. Consequently, when the embryos are in the womb fighting to survive, the one with the strongest genes is in charge of make the natural selection effective and that the baby is worth the process.This, being the ultimate cause allows sand tiger sharks to assure that only the best will preserve the specie.
Basically, this cannibalism between siblings is a final battle of which genes deserve to be passed.

The worest mother

  

          Cats are  pet animals which are loved by most people because cats can rely on themselves and  are fond of leisure and entertainment. However, some people claim that cats are the worst mothers because of their abnormal behavior. Sometimes, a mother cat eats her kitty under some circumstances. Even Though people argue that and said this is a superstition, scientists and educators animals proved the validity of this information, but they differed in the reasons. In fact, a mother cat eats her kitty for many ultimate and proximate reasons.

          There are many proximate reasons of why a mother cat eats her kitty. First of all, a cat some time feels threatened because of dogs or many visitors around her kitties. Consequently, she will eat them in order not to allow strangers to take or hurt them. Moreover, she eats the weakest one or patient kitty because of the idea of survival of the fittest which dominates the animal kingdom. Finally, a mother cat recognizes her kitties from their bodies’ odors which can be changed by humans’ touching. As a result, after we touch them, she will consider them  strangers and fight against them.

           There are many ultimate reasons of why a mother cat eats her kitty. First, some cats give birth at an early age about a year. At that time, their maternal affection has not completed yet in their bodies. Consequently, they feel overwhelmed and eat their kitties instead of keeping their lives without a real care. Moreover, they do that in order to have kitties in a timely manner in which the hormones and emotions are completed inside them. Additionally, after childbirth a mother cat loses a lot of  vitamins which make her unable to breastfeed her kitties and keep them alive. Because of that she eats the strongest one who has already gotten the better nutrition during pregnancy. Moreover, cat sometime eats the weakest kitty in order to maintain her milk to feed other kitties who are in a good health. Finally, she eats a patient kitty to protect others against infection.

            To sum it all up, cat eats her kitty under an influence of pressure, danger, disease, or ignorance which are considered proximate behaviors. Based on the ultimate behavior , a mother cat does  that in order to give other kitties chance to survive and receive more feeding and care.  

           "Why Do Mother Cats Sometimes Eat Their Own Kittens?" - Quora. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016.

          "Do Cats Eat Their Young?" TheCatSite.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016

Sweet Dreams Grizzly Bears!

Dear grizzly bears.

Because the winter is coming, I would like to give you some tips on survival in the hibernation time. Some of the first things you should consider is finding a place where you can sleep safely. When you sleep through the winter, you do not listen to anything nor notice anything around you. Because of your sleep, you should find a place where no predators nor animals can hurt you while you sleep. Some suggestions could be go into a cave and trying to lock the entrance. Besides, gathering some plants, wood, or stones into the cave can keep you warmer in order to survive the cold weather. Another piece of advice to survive the winter is eating well before the hibernation. Good food high in proteins, minerals, and calories will help you to be able to store energy for the basic functions of your body for all the months you will be sleeping. Try to eat as much as you can because in the winter the food is very scarce. It would help to not lose muscle and keep strong as always. Before you start your hibernating, exercising is a good method to strengthen the body. Moreover, try not to sleep in fall due to the fact you are sleeping for many months and you do not want to wake up early. The important thing is that you adapt to the surroundings according to the environment where you are. Make sure you sleep in a safely place, you are full of food, and you are ready to rest.  

Have a good winter!

Innate or Learned?

The studies show that robins are quintessential birds. Male robins have a colorful breast, and the more the breast gets darker, the more the bird will be attracted. The behavior of robins is complicated, and I want to do an experiment with myself. The experiment that I want to do is I want to see how the robins react when they see a tuft of red feathers on the breast of another male robin enters their territories. Also, I want to understand if the reaction is learned or innate. The studies say that the male robin will be more aggressive displays of behavior and even attack the intruder. By this study, I want to put the robin male in a place that I can watch everything for 1 day. Then, I want to bring another robin male and put it in the same place, and I want to see the reaction that the first robin will do. Next, I am going to do it again to see if the scene will repeat itself or not. Finally, just to make sure I am going to do it for the third time to understand the reasons that why the robins do this. If the robin shows an aggressive behavior, it means that the behavior of the robin is innate. If it is not that, it means the behavior is learned.

Mans

Kangaroo rats

Kangaroo rats are very sensitive with their senses and have the great ability to see and

hear from a very far distance. Therefore, they can sense the presence of the rattle

snake nearby and can run far away if they fear some danger. We will perform some

experiments in order to justify the statements.

In the experiment, I would keep a rattlesnake at a distance of one-two meters away

from a kangaroo and I would be closing the eyes of kangaroo with a piece of cloth,

then I would be allowing rattlesnake for its free movement, I would observe that is

kangaroo being able to hear the rattlesnake strike and is been able to save himself from

rattlesnake bite by jumping backwards. Kangaroo have sense the rattlesnake and been

able to save himself from rattlesnake as they have exceptionally well-developed sense

of hearing. They are able to hear low frequencies over five times better than humans.

Now I would be again closing the eyes of kangaroo and would be closing the ears of

kangaroo with cloth paddling and would be observing that in this case would kangaroo

be able to sense the rattlesnake movement or not. Kangaroo is not able to sense the

rattlesnake movement because we have closed his ears and eyes so now we have

observed that kangaroo have strong hearing sense.

You are not a pet!

Task 1.

Page 18.

Dogs, why do you live with humans? Why do you accept to be owned by humans? You are animals, and it is totally different between animals and humans. You should be where you suppose to be, you should eat what you like to eat, and you should copulate with female dogs when you want. Look around you, is this your place? Are humans your family? Have you ever used your tusks? Of course not, your place in the wild where you can hunt your favorite prey such as rabbits, rats, and birds. Also, your place where you can make a family and have your own puppies. Humans own you as a pet, Do you know what pet means? It means "animal that is kept as a companion and cared for affectionately". If you see yourself a pet, why do you bark at stranger humans and other dogs? You should take any chance and get away from these houses and go outside the city. All dogs will follow you because they want to, but they afraid of the consequences. You should do it and prove to all dogs there no bad results. Finally, I want to say just imagine yourself sitting under a tree in the wild and playing with your puppies.

Kangaroo rats and Rattlesankes

This is in Saudi Arabia. ^_^

       Kangaroo rats are popular for their jump feature. Many of them live in deserts and there are a lot of them in Saudi Arabia. They are known for their big hind legs, large heads, and small front legs that allows them to jump faster. Furthermore, they can hear voices from far distances clearly, so that could be a benefit to escape from rattlesnakes. 

       In the experiment, I would put a kangaroo rat and a rattlesnake in one box in order to see what would happen. If the rat was killed by the rattlesnake I would find the reason why did that happen.

After that, I would bring a new kangaroo rat and train him to do what the rate before him could not do. Moreover, if the second rat was killed again by the rattlesnake. I would study their reactions to find the best solution. The solution could the environment that I have put the kangaroo rats in. They probably did not find it as perfect as the deserts.

     In conclusion, kangaroo rats are fast animals and that can lead them to escape if they were in danger. Their small front legs have the ability to jump backwards. People can decide whether their behavior was innate or learned by watching their reactions with the rattlesnakes. If they jump or escape from the rattlesnake that means their behavior is innate, if not then it's learned.

Kangaroo rat and Rattlesnake

Kangaroo rats are rodents that usually live in desert areas and are native to western North America. They honor their name having big hind legs and small front legs, which allows them to jump really quickly. On the other hand, one of the most deadly predators for this animal is the rattlesnake.

Therefore, to prove the statement " Kangaroo rats who hear the sound of a rattlesnake can avoid the rattlesnake bite by jumping backwards.", I will put 2 different kangaroo rats in separated rooms. 

The first one will be exposed only to the sound of a simulated rattlesnake hiss, there I can see the rat's reaction and whether it jumps backwards even if it doesn't really see the snake or not. For the second one I will bring a real snake but from a different type and with a different hiss. This will allow me to observe if the animal acts as quickly and natural as with the rattlesnake, inferring if the jumping is a innate response to danger or  instead, a learned behavior toward an specific predator.

Depending on the Kangaroo rat's behavior the results of this experiments can variate from: 

to:

Is changing color a problem?

Taking into account that you are a shy chameleon looking for help in this ridiculous book, your abilities to change color must not be that good. Changing color is a strange ability that just a few species of the animal kingdom have the privilege of having. Therefore, in this section, I'm going to explain to you how to take advantage of those abilities. There are several reasons why animals change color such as temperature adaptation, the camouflage of predators, or even to stand out of others animals. Unfortunately, your ability to change color is as bad as the sight of a bat, so you must grab some self-confidence or probably you will fail. First of all, to avoid get burned by the extreme sun  of Madagascar, or even to be eaten by a raptor, practicing your skill to perceive color will be helpful. It has been demonstrated that those chameleons who were able to recognize which colors were surrounding them, could be unnoticed when a predator was nearby. In addition, as you know, your body has specialized cells which contain primary pigments (blue, red and yellow). Hence, being able to manipulate those pigments to create new colors, will help you in the future. However, please avoid turning red while fighting with others chameleons, they would think you are flushed. To sum up, following these tips, you will be successful in controlling and taking advantage of your impressive abilities.

Kangaroo rats

    

         Kangaroo rats are animals which have large tails, big feet, large heads, big eyes, and small ears. They always live in a desert and have an ability to survive without water. Kangaroo rats’ long legs and ability to hear a very quiet voice allow them to hear a rattlesnake's sound and jump up to “9 feet in one jump” in order to run away "Kangaroo Rat Fact Sheet."  Sometimes, people argue that is this behavior innate or learned? In fact, there is no way to prove that except doing an experiment.

        In the experiment, I would take  newborn kangaroo rats and raise them alone for six months. After that, I would make them hear a rattlesnake’s sound several times and observe their behavior each time. Next, I would put them in an environment which  looks like a desert and watch their behaviors. Finally, I would but a rattlesnake with them in that an artificial environment. Kangaroo rats reactions will decide that is this behavior innate or learned? Generally, if these kangaroo rats jump backwards in order to escape from the rattlesnake, that means this behavior is innate. On the other hand, if they do not jump backwards, that means this behavior is learned.   

          To sum it all up, Kangaroo rats have an ability to jump up in order to protect themselves. Even though some people argue that this reaction toward a dangerous situation is learned, I claim that this behavior is innate because Kangaroo rats born with some features which allow them to jump up. Moreover, the needed to survive is innate. Consequently, this needed makes them react as fast as they can toward dangerous situations.

"Kangaroo Rat Fact Sheet." Kangaroo Rat Fact Sheet. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2016.